Literature review involves the survey of books, articles, and other materials related to a particular research question. The review of the literature provides a critical analysis, summary, and description of these works to validate to the readers that the investigator's research apt in a broad field of study. Through the analysis provided by the literature review, the researcher can quickly identify the existing gaps in the field. These gaps aid the investigator in the location of their research within the framework of current literature. Besides, the literature review also helps in solving existing conflicts presented by controverting previous studies.
Annotated Bibliography
Black, J. T., Romano, P. S., Sadeghi, B., Auerbach, A. D., Ganiats, T. G., Greenfield, S.,& Ong, M. K. (2014). A remote monitoring and telephone nurse coachingintervention to reduce readmissions among patients with heart failure: studyprotocol for the Better Effectiveness after Transition-Heart Failure (BEAT-HF)randomized controlled trial. Trials, 15(1), 124.The researchers of this study aimed at establishing the efficiency of follow-up monitoring for heart failure patients. The investigators applied a comparative analysis of how surveillance programs such as patient education and telephone coaching affected the recuperation of the heart failure patients. To ensure the validity and reliability of their results, the authors used participants from different socioeconomic and demographic backgrounds. The study established that the use of telemonitoring among the discharged heart failure patients enabled the caregivers in medical facilities to save time that would have been required for traveling. Furthermore, the nurses also attend to a large number of patients. Through the telemonitoring initiative, the authors found that there were fewer admissions since the medical practitioners can conveniently attend to the needs of the patients without the need of them being readmitted. Besides, telemonitoring allowed the physicians to monitor vitals such as blood pressure and recommend suitable procedures to follow in case they posed any threats. However, the researchers also note that the telemonitoring process is hindered by the technological hick ups that happen from time to time which limits its efficacy.
Bowles, K. H., Hanlon, A. L., Glick, H. A., Naylor, M. D., OConnor, M., Riegel, B., . . .Weiner, M. G. (2011). Clinical effectiveness, access to, and satisfaction with careusing a telehomecare substitution intervention: A randomized controlled trial.International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications, 2011, 1-13.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/540138
The study focuses on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the telehomecare initiative among the heart failure patients. The researchers of this study first conducted a comparison between the application of telehomecare technology and the typical skilled home care approaches. In this study, the investigators used respondents aged 55 years old and above. The first observation that the authors recorded was that among patients who utilized telehomecare services, the readmission rate was sixteen percent for the first month while those who used the standard home care approach was nineteen percent. The subsequent survey indicated that the readmission rate among heart failure patients who used telehomecare was forty-six percent over a period of six months while those who used the essential home care interventions recorded a readmission rate of fifty-two percent in the same period. Furthermore, the researchers also established that the patients who accessed telehomecare showed more satisfaction in the care process than the others.
Boyne, J. J., Vrijhoef, H. J., Crijns, H. J., De Weerd, G., Kragten, J., & Gorgels, A. P.(2012). Tailored telemonitoring in patients with heart failure: results of amulticentre randomized controlled trial. European journal of heart failure, 14(7),791-801.The researchers first established the need to use innovative approaches in minimizing the rate of readmissions among the heart failure patients. In this study, the authors used a randomized control sample to test their hypothesis about whether telemonitoring reduces the rate of hospital readmissions among heart failure patients. The investigators established that the rate of readmissions, as well as physical contact with the healthcare providers, reduced significantly as a result of applying telemonitoring. The researchers also found that telemonitoring was efficient in the identification of the initial symptoms of heart failure by the susceptible population. Besides, they also established the fact that telemonitoring among the heart failure patients had not taken effect as it would have been anticipated as a result of the practical barriers.
Desai, A. S. (2012). Controversies in cardiovascular medicine home monitoring heartfailure care does not improve patient outcomes. Circulation, 125, 828-836. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.031179
In this study, the researcher focuses on identifying the core reasons as to why telemonitoring is not a reliable method of handling and reducing the number of readmissions among the heart failure patients. The author establishes that a large volume of previous studies indicated that the telemonitoring approach reduces the readmission as well as the mortality rates among these patients. However, the investigator identifies several faults that are common in these studies. One major drawback is the fact that these previous studies utilized one medical facility while carrying out their research. Therefore, such results would be unsuitable for determining the efficiency of telemonitoring. In this case, the researcher found these results to be unreliable. Additionally, the majority of the studies also used a small number of participants which further slimmed the reliability of the results presented. Also, the researcher established the fact that telemonitoring is an expensive approach and patients were also not keen to detail.
Goldberg, L. R., Piette, J. D., Walsh, M. N., Frank, T. A., Jaski, B. E., Smith, A. L., Hopton, L. A. (2003). Randomized trial of a daily electronic home monitoringsystem in patients with advanced heart failure: The weight monitoring in a heartfailure (wharf) trial. American Heart Journal, 146(4), 705-712.doi:10.1016/S0002-8703(03)00393-4
In this study, the researchers selected the participants from all regions across the U.S. The authors employed a heart failure monitoring technology to investigate whether consistent reporting of symptoms and weight among the patients would be essential in minimizing the rate of readmissions as well as the mortality rate. However, for this study, the authors only studied using patients with advanced heart failure. The researchers established the latter by conducting several tests among the prospective participants that included taking a 6-minute walk and assessing the norepinephrine levels. The results of this study suggested that there was no significant reduction in the number of readmissions among as a result of utilizing electronic home monitoring. Nonetheless, the mortality rate was reduced considerably among patients who use telemonitoring.
Ong, M. K., Romano, P. S., Edgington, S., Aronow, H. U., Auerbach, A. D., Black, J. T.,& Ganiats, T. G. (2016). The effectiveness of remote patient monitoring afterdischarge of hospitalized patients with heart failure: the better effectiveness aftertransitionheart failure (BEAT-HF) randomized clinical trial. JAMA internalmedicine, 176(3), 310-318.One issue that led to the researchers conducting this study was the issues surrounding whether or not telemonitoring avails any benefits to heart failure patients. Besides, their primary objective was to assess the efficacy of telemonitoring among heart failure patients to reduce the rate of readmissions within half a year after discharge. The results of the study indicate that telemonitoring and coaching via telephone calls did not lessen the rate of patient readmission within the 180-day schedule. Furthermore, the mortality rate did not also show any significant differences in the use of the telemonitoring technology. Nonetheless, the use of telemonitoring and frequent telephone calls to the heart failure patients was associated with the general improvement in the quality of life for these patients within the specified one hundred and eighty days.
The Research Question
The general research question guiding this study aims at assessing whether incorporating telemonitoring as part of the home care discharge planning reduce the number of hospital readmissions in a three month period after the initial release in heart failure patients. Heart failure is a disorder that has been affecting millions of Americans and is associated with high levels of hospitalization, readmissions, and death. Therefore, initiatives such as telemonitoring have been established to try and reduce the cases of readmissions. However, there have been conflicting results concerning the effectiveness of the telemonitoring method. Therefore, I saw it necessary to conduct own research through assessing various peer-reviewed journal articles that have analyzed the issue and come up with firm and reliable conclusion and recommendations.
References
Black, J. T., Romano, P. S., Sadeghi, B., Auerbach, A. D., Ganiats, T. G., Greenfield, S.,&Ong, M. K. (2014). A remote monitoring and telephone nurse coachingintervention to reduce readmissions among patients with heart failure: studyprotocol for the Better Effectiveness after Transition-Heart Failure (BEAT-HF)randomized controlled trial. Trials, 15(1), 124.Bowles, K. H., Hanlon, A. L., Glick, H. A., Naylor, M. D., OConnor, M., Riegel, B., . . .Weiner, M. G. (2011). Clinical effectiveness, access to, and satisfaction with careusing a telehomecare substitution intervention: A randomized controlled trial.International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications, 2011, 1-13.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/540138
Boyne, J. J., Vrijhoef, H. J., Crijns, H. J., De Weerd, G., Kragten, J., & Gorgels, A. P.(2012). Tailored telemonitoring in patients with heart failure: results of amulticenterrandomized controlled trial. European journal of heart failure, 14(7), 791-801.Desai, A. S. (2012). Controversies in cardiovascular medicine home monitoring heartfailure care does not improve patient outcomes. Circulation, 125, 828-836. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.031179
Goldberg, L. R., Piette, J. D., Walsh, M. N., Frank, T. A., Jaski, B. E., Smith, A. L., Hopton, L. A. (2003). Randomized trial of a daily electronic home monitoring systemin patients with advanced heart failure: The weight monitoring in a heartfailure(wharf) trial. American Heart Journal, 146(4), 705-712. doi:10.1016/S00028703(03)00393-4
Ong, M. K., Romano, P. S., Edgington, S., Aronow, H. U., Auerbach, A. D., Black, J. T.,&Ganiats, T. G. (2016). The effectiveness of remote patient monitoring afterdischargeof hospitalized patients with heart failure: the better effectiveness aftertransitionheart failure (BEAT-HF) randomized clinical trial. JAMA internalmedicine, 176(3),310-318.
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