Paper Example on Photovoltaic Systems

 1. Introduction

There are consistent interests amongst photovoltaic installations, owners, and regulators, which challenge possible investments in PV systems. The integration of PV systems requires determining the nature of modules that exist in different urban environments. In the research, we will be investigating the various obstacles thus makes this research relevant. The research proposes a qualitative research design which will evaluate a totality of 12 articles from the total 90 articles that the researcher went through.

1.2 Research Problem

Singapore has a small geographical location, yet the demand for power is ever increasing. Although the country has one of the best aggregate consumption of power, currently at 68 GW, there is still a major problem because Singapore imports most of the power; the challenge is that the country exporting power to Singapore might revoke such contracts (Ema, 2017). Meanwhile, the small geographic area means that implementing photovoltaic (PV) systems on buildings means altering the current infrastructure set-up in Singapore. Besides, the Energy Regulation Authority (ERA) seeks to see PV systems installed at least in half of the buildings, which will enable load balancing for profits (Ema.gov.sg 2017).

1.3. The purpose of the study

PV systems have several merits that, if implemented, will fully solve a huge shortage of power that has been affecting the country for quite a long time. In this case, the possible exploration of such technology is based on the arguments of sustainability that have been centered on growth and development.

1.3 The Research questions

According to Bryman (2007), the research problem is a general idea based on a clear expression as well as a statement of what should be studied.

Are there factors that pose an obstacle to photovoltaic installations in Singapore commercial buildings?

Do stakeholders influence the prevalence of these factors?

Are there any policy developments that encourage the mutilation of these factors?

1.4 The objectives of the study

1.4.1 Main Objectives

To weigh up whether there are obstacles facing PV solar systems in Singapore

1.4.2 Sub-Objectives

To assess the evaluation criteria of what makes these obstacles surface

To determine the history of these challenges based on the arguments of coexistence with other forms of energy

To examine the existing policy framework in place to eradicate these obstacles

To evaluate how these obstacles are interrelated.

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 Status quo and Infrastructure Problems

Although Singapore is an industrialized country, with several technological options, the costs of making and installing sufficient solar panels are still major problems. PV solar systems are naturally installed on private infrastructure, this requires purchasing many panels. Haley and Schuler (2011) examine the influence of government policies and their usefulness in the green energy revolution. However, in Singapore, a largely status quo economy, it is rare to experience government policy supporting PV systems. Kylili and Fokaides (2013) assess the Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB) that was used by the European target by 2020. The widespread commercialization of BIPV systems is a general reflection of the need to diversify energy conventional as well as understanding architectural constraints that are used in designing the BIPV arrays. The economic feasibility of BIPV is a major milestone that can be used to explore possible options for PV systems in Singapore.

2.2 Failing RD

So far, we can agree that the technology lacks full inspiration for further persuasion. The crippling RD systems are naturally because of lack of sufficient support from stakeholders, as well, Singapore economy is naturally a status quo, with little regard for progressive change. Cory and Aznar (2014) explore the impacts to traditional business models that synthesize the priority challenges based on the identified utilities and regulations as well as key analysis required to inform all stakeholders to perform according to a common agenda. Relatively to Cory and Aznar (2014) findings, it is arguable that Singapore PV research and development outsource most of its technical support from more industrialized countries such as Japan. Bawakyillenuo (2009) examines the sustainability concerns that are involved in the development of the PV/ SHS, in Ghana rural electrification program. The research justifies that the collapse of the policy frameworks complicates the entire agenda of PV systems. Muneer and Fairooz (2002) provide a Guide on Weather and Solar Data to be adopted by London Engineers. The guide is themed towards the development of the robust depends on the approach that nation is willing to choose for development purposes.

2.3 Lack of Night Time Innovation

Besides, Singapore faces many hours when sunlight is not applicable; as well, Singapore lacks the possibility of innovating PV systems that work at night. Gress (2015) explores results from a survey of Korean solar PV firms, the findings indicate that continuous innovation plays a central role in bettering facilities national wide with unearth and shortcoming that is associated with the policy and deployment as well as consideration to identify possible policy mismatches. Although the PV systems are made to charge large batteries, the costs can be prohibitive to commercial developers. Muneer et al., (2002) presents major activities that are utilized with the development of the large databases for solar radiation, which are used in Europe. The European Solar Radiation Atlas is naturally a chartered institution for Building Services as well as Weather and Solar Data. Given the need to provide the backup systems, during the night the persuasion of such technology will, therefore, prove irrelevant and impossible to implement. Jelly and Smith (2015) highlights a number of researchers that are carried out to reduce the possible costs of concentrated solar power as well explores the use of additional technologies that would help reduce the general costs of production. Kim et al., (2010) examines the usefulness of the PV cells that are adjusted to create a blind angle of the louvers while providing sufficient sunlight and daylight levels.

3.0 The proposed methodology

3.1 Research Methodology

The study utilizes a qualitative methodology for collecting and evaluating the data. Most of the data will be generated from online sources, presumably from journals and other research articles. Qualitative research design applies deductive logic to scrutinize data as much as possible. For this research to work out, PRISM research design will be applied to harvest data sufficiently.

3.2 Research Design and Construct

The design and construction of the research depends on the conceptual framework that will be adopted for the applicability of the research.

Creating a hypothetical environment

Creating the appropriate comparison between factors leading to obstacles of the use of Photovoltaic environment

Determining the environment surrounding Singapore photovoltaic environment

3.3 Dependent and Independent variables

There are both dependent and independent variables. The dependent variables are the obstacles that constrain the development of Photovoltaic solar panels, while the independent variables are technically are actually the factors that lead to the maturity of these problems.

3.4 Issues of reliability and validity

The research proposes to use of Cronbach alpha scale that is calculated and measured through internal consistency and reliability. The goal is to ensure that the different mining results are initialized, as well ensuring that there is consistency of data and reliability of the result. The shortlisted articles were either primary research or experimental research.

3.5 Sampling Design

3.5.1Sample Frame

In the research design, three key initiatives are important for this research. There are four key stages, which include identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion. The identification stages shortlisted 91 journals and other related materials for our focus. The goal of this stage was to narrow down our research to the PRISM stage. However, from the 91 identified materials, 39 records were wiped out and only 47 survived. The surviving records had a basic critic, a strong abstract for a journal or prologue for a book, and equally convincing conclusion. The screening stage of 47 articles had at least 44 records being scanned, 3 records were excluded because they lacked eligibility. At the legibility stage, 15 articles were shortlisted. All of these articles had some sought of primary research done on them, if not they were convincing enough based on their argument to be adopted to the research. However, 3 articles were removed because of the lack of legibility. The inclusion had 12 articles for final synthesis.3.3 The Logic of Qualitative Research

3.6 Data analysis and interpretation

At least sampling T-Test was used to evaluate the research, while considering the need the extensive use of random samples for observations. The regression results evaluate the depth of the relationship for the different results of the data.

3.7 Research Timetable

At least the research will take 3 months to its completion.

3.9 Timeframes

Table 1.0: Timeframe for the Research.

Activity

Jul

5 July 12 July

15 July19 July23 July

25 July

30 Aug

01 Aug

03 Aug

05 Aug

08 Aug

11 Aug

25

Planning Developing Research Proposal Determining research questions Research objectives Literature Review Developing Research design Evaluating the methodology Data Collection Data Analysis Conducting T-Tests Data Evaluation Report development Conducting logistic design Interpreting findings Conducting discussion Exploring Results Discussing the Findings Sharing expectations

4. Conclusion

Clearly, there is a general need for exploring these obstacles because it helps to examine, decide and assess the possible challenges affecting the photovoltaic selections. The research has analyzed the three main problem, status quo, and infrastructure problems, failing RD and lack of nighttime innovation. The research has proposed the conducting of a qualitative research design to allow for more data analysis while increasing the eligibility for the research proposes. As such, the PRISM technique has been proposed to harvest data appropria...