Research and discuss technologies that can be arranged in systems for controlling access into and egress out of a building, a multi-building facility, or a national border checkpoint (e.g. at an international airport).
An integrated rapid access into and egress system, apparatus, and method for directing and controlling the movement of objects or people from unsecured to secured areas is critical in the current world where issues of insecurity are common. The increasing level of insecurity has elevated the need to control access to some sections of a building or multi-building facility depending on whether an individual has authorization to entry to that section, without hindering the normal traffic flow in nearby areas. Particularly, the terror attack that took place in 9 11 2001 generated renewed demand in the use of access control systems for access and egress. The U.S. building codes have demands for accessible lifts for assisted egress for disabled people. Further, firefighters elevators in skyscrapers in some nations are under deliberations to enhance both the efficiency and safety of firefighting activities. According to Broy, M., & Stolen, K. (2001), the need for heightened egress ability of skyscrapers to foster simultaneous egress has reignited interest in lifts as an alternative means of egress for those occupying the building or facility during fires or terror attacks. The access control system is customized to fit the users taste and requirements, which enables its application in different environments such as airports, manufacturing facilities, power plants, prisons, research facilities, and office buildings among others. For the access control system to be effective, it has to work under minimal human supervision, be user-friendly, and be universally understandable. The latest access control systems have many drawbacks (Harrington, A., & Jensen, 2003). For instance, they slow or hinder the flow of traffic, are labor intensive, demand two systems in all areas with one access control system regulating the flow of traffic in either directions, do not have the capacity to be tailored to meet customers aesthetic desires, are dangerous, are not compatible with latest luggage or bag processing technologies, and often create destruction to the nearby areas during installation.. Some of these issues are common in the past and latest access control systems.
Technologies that can be arranged in systems for controlling access into and egress out of - 1500 words
According to Norman, T. (2012), the recent developments and application of Access Control System (ACS) technology; is geared towards a system, an apparatus, and a method for manning and directing the traffic flow of objects and people through the help of a plurality of door, panels, or door-like structures. In particular, the recent development is geared to an apparatus that have a first pair of terminal blockades defining the entry point. The first pair of terminal blockade shuttles between an initial positions where the entry point is open and another one where the entrance is closed. The next pair of end blockades describes the end egress situated opposite and involves a space in between to define the walkaway in between. Moreover, the other set of end blockades moves between the initial positions where the end egress is open and the next position where the end egress is closed. Further, a first side blockade describes the first side egress comparative to the walkaway. It shuttles between a first position where the first side egress is ajar and a second position where the first side egress is closed. Lastly, a few support structures reinforce the barriers in a vertical direction and foster mobility of barriers between their corresponding first and second positions. Options for tailoring recent access control systems to fit the users taste and preferences are apparent (Norman, T. (2012).
One feature of the recent developments in the access control systems is the ability to control traffic flow with the help of a plurality panes. In contrast, a plurality of door-like structures or doors could be used in place of or in addition to the plurality of panels. The mechanism of action for the recent access control uses the following mechanism. The first set of panels isolating an unsecured section from the walkaway shuttles from an open to a closed position when an individuals passes therethrough. The individual is then given authorization or is disapproved from getting through. If he or she gets the authorization, the second set of panels isolating the walkway from the secured section shuttles from an open to a closed position when the approved individual get through. On the other hand, when the individual is disapproved, the second set of panels isolating the footpath from the secured section shuttles from an open to a locked position before he or she can go through. The unapproved individual is then guided from the walkaway to another unsecured section and the first side panel isolating the second unsecured region from the sidewalk shuttles from an open to a closed position when he or she moves through. Current inventions are also guided to shifting the second set of panels isolating the footpath from the secured section from an open to a closed position before an individual can get through. Moreover, it also moves the first side panel isolating the other unsecured region from the footpath from the open to the locked position, thus caging the individual within the panels.
Norman, T. (2012) asserts that the latest developments in the access control systems have numerous merits over the traditional access control systems. The fact that they do not have bi-fold doors means that there lacks exposed pinch points or hinges that pose a danger to users. The current invention panels lock away from the user, thereby offering him or her enough time and signal to halt his or her movement to the terminal egress. They also have separate panels for each egress or entrance. In consequent, the panels are positioned in a manner that allows them to either shut none or all walkways at any time. This offers the latest access control systems with the special ability to lock individuals within the apparatus. Moreover, since all panels can remain in all open position, the latest invention also provides a passive walkway section.
The structural disparities between the latest and traditional access control systems are that the latest does not have the latest inventions panes could be structured to remain slightly open, thereby averting the coffin of death issue that mar some of the conventional access control technology (Xue et al., 2016). Further, the parallel panels could be situated within or without channels, thereby necessitating less power to move the panels than heavier and more sophisticated bi-fold doors and door structures. Another advantage posed by this technology is that since the panels are lightweight and demand less power to operate compared to bi-fold doors, they can be shut with minimal force, and in the consequent, safeguards users from getting slammed between the doors. The last advantage is that using lightweight panels is that it is efficiently adapted to movable unit.
Besides, the latest inventions have apparatus that have approval means incorporated within the said support structure located near the walkway. The approval means that can be integrated with the apparatus could be a metal detector, a biometric reader (Busch, 2016), an explosive detector, an electronic key lock, physical recognition technology, a card reader, a mechanical key lock facial recognition technology, a fingerprint reader, a vapour analyser, a hand reader, an iris scanner, and a spectrophotometric technique. All these approval means could be spread within the entire structure (Qin & Li, 2013). For instance, one position sensor could be placed at the entrance, another along the walkway, and another on first side egress among other areas.
The panels can be created from several materials based on the consumer needs. Ideally, the panels could be constructed from a clear material, including a polycarbonate laminate that makes it easy for individuals walking through the apparatus to view all that is happening in their surrounding and also provides the security personnel the ability to monitor people within the apparatus. Furthermore, the panels can also be constructed from explosion or bullet resistant material. Sensors can also be incorporated into one edge of each panel to detect of something, or someone is trapped in the corners of the panels. If a person or something is trapped in the corners of the panels, a processor then guides the panel drive units to halt the panel movement.
In some scenarios, it is good for the rapid access entry or egress apparatus to be movable. The best example of such a situation is an airport tarmac, in which an apparatus could be shifted from one place to another depending on where the flight is on the tarmac. In this scenario, the apparatus could serve to screen workmen or passengers who are working, loading, and boarding the plane. In this mobile embodiment, the latest inventions have an initial flooring immediately before the entrance, another flooring immediately outside the initial egress, as well as a third flooring immediately without the terminal egress (Xue et al., 2016)S. In case the apparatus have a second side egress, a flooring that resembles the second flooring can be situated immediately outside the second side egress. Flooring could be equipped with position displays and sensors. For permanent or installed apparatuses or for areas where there are no flooring apparatuses, the position displays and sensors could be located in the sub-floor or floor of the building structure or lobby, which was harboring the permanent apparatuses (Ou, 2008). The permanent or installed apparatuses could also be secured to the sub-flooring or floor with the help of any substrate suitable anchors like screws, nails, and lag bolts among others. The current invention could also use illuminated displays situated in the footpath and in the flooring of the apparatus to aid in the control of the traffic. The illuminated displays would utilize symbols to control traffic rather than having words that could be less universally understood. These lighting or symbols could take the form of universally understood such as arrows, green, and red color. The displays could be carried out in a number of ways like illuminated fiber optics or traditional lights (Pan, 2012).
Recent developments and application of Access Control System (ACS) technology & Emerging ACS technology including research and development projects; Innovative or novel ACS technology; - 500 words
Over time, access control systems (ACS) have become complicated, and numerous security actions have been undertaken to curb the danger of insecurity of property and lives. This has been necessitated to bar unapproved entry into buildings and other public areas using discrete access code, traditional and electric locks, and biometric methods like iris and facial scanner, thumb prints scanner, and finger print scanner. According to Bowers, D. M. (2008), most of the access control systems that have been developed in the past have been demanding many employees to operate and have not been user-friendly. The demand for many employees to actuate them have meant that companies and private owners of buildings have to incur an extra expense of paying the additional workers. Moreover, the initial cost of buying and setting up the access control system have been high, and therefore small and medium enterprises have not been able to afford them. Since security is a major concern to all people, from low class to high class, there have been a need to come up with cheaper access control syst...
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